Работы по юриспруденции

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Investigation

"Any person accused of committing a crime shall be considered innocent until his (her) guilt is proved in accordance with the procedure stipulated by federal law and is confirmed by a court sentence which has entered into legal force." (Article 49 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation)

The investigator and the court base their conclusions concerning the guilt of the accused upon the verification and assessment of the evidence. Evidence in a criminal case must be facts, on the basis of which the investigator and the court establish, in accordance with the law, the existence or absence of a socially dangerous act, the guilt of the person committing the act, and other circumstances of importance in making a correct decision in the case.

The investigator, the police, the prosecutor and the court must establish the facts in the case from the testimony of witnesses, the injured parties, suspects, accused, the opinions of experts, physical evidence, the records of the investigation and court proceedings, and other documents.

The investigator, having received information that a crime has been committed, inquires as to the persons who may be of help to him in establishing the circumstances of the case, and summons them as witnesses. To obtain physical evidence the investigator searches a crime scene. He requests written documents from state establishments and persons in office.

For the evidence collected by the investigator to be valid in court it must be presented in the form of records of the interrogation, crime scene search, etc. The law requires all documents of investigation to be signed by witnesses, the investigator, and other participants in the cases, and to be without erasures, alterations, etc.

The collection of evidence before the trial is performed in the preliminary investigation. In more complicated cases the investigation is supposed to be carried out by the investigators, and otherwise by the police. To obtain evidence, the investigator takes steps to find eyewitnesses of the crime, to obtain physical evidence, etc.

The testimony of witnesses is a type of evidence. A witness is a person who knows facts relevant to a criminal case. Upon receiving the summons, a witness must appear before the investigator or in court. If he fails to appear without good reason, he may be forced to by the police and he is criminally responsible for failure to appear.

It is the duty of a witness to give all information at his disposal concerning the case and the accused.

The indictment is the culminating stage of the investigation.

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